1 Galen Roger Perras, “Defeat Still Cries Aloud for
Explanation: Explaining C Force’s Dispatch to Hong Kong,”
Canadian Military Journal 11, no. 4 (2011): 37. Carl Vincent is
one such author in his work No Reason Why: The Canadian Hong
Kong Tragedy, An Examination (Ottawa: Canada’s Wings, 1981),
223.
2 Gregory A. Johnson, “The Canadian experience of the
Pacific War: Betrayal and Forgotten Captivity,”
in Forgotten
Captives in Japanese-Occupied Asia, eds. Karl Hack and Kevin
Blackburn (London: Routledge, 2008), 125.
3 Library and Archives Canada (hereafter LAC), Royal
Commission to Inquire into and Report upon the Organization,
Authorization and Dispatch of the Canadian Expeditionary Force
to the Crown Colony of Hong Kong fonds (hereafter Hong Kong
Inquiry fonds), RG 33 120, volume 1, file “Volume 4 --- pp.297
to 398 Thursday March 9, 1942”, page 324.
4 Confusion reigned
as Ralston asked questions several times, but he received no
clear conclusions. Discussions centred around who knew about the
limited amount of cargo space of the Awatea, the ship that took
most of “C” Force. The attempts to fill the remaining space in
the cargo holds with motor transport were also reviewed. LAC,
J.L. Ralston fonds, MG 27 III BII, volume 67, file “Ralston,
J.L. Diary 1941–44 (Incomplete)”, 1,2, and 4 January 1942.
5
LAC, Ralston fonds, MG 27 III BII, volume 69, file “Hong Kong
Enquiry – memoranda of 3 discussions in Minister’s Office, 1
January 1941”, page 17.
6 Ibid., pages 21, 24–25.
7 Ibid., “4 January 1942”, page
40.
8 Ibid., page 8.
9 C.P. Stacey, Six Years of War: The
Army in Canada, Britain and the Pacific (Ottawa: Queen’s
Printer, 1955), 449.
10 Canada, Parliament, House of Commons
Debates, 19th Parl, 2nd Sess, Vol 4, (21 January 1942),
4471–4472.
11 Ibid., 4473- 4474.
12 William Marchington, “Hong Kong
Men Lacked Training, Troops Never Got Needed Vehicles,” The
Globe and Mail, 22 January 1942, 1.
13 Canada, Parliament,
House of Commons Debates, 19th Parl, 3rd Sess, Vol 5, (27 July
1942), 4826.
14 LAC, William Lyon Mackenzie King fonds, MG26-J13, Diary
(hereafter King Diary), 27 January 1942, page 1.
15 Ibid., 29
January 1942, page 1.
16 Ibid., 4 February 1942, page 3.
17 David Ricardo Williams, Duff: A Life in the Law (Vancouver:
UBC Press, 1984), 224. LAC, King Diary, 6 February 1942, page 2.
18 LAC, Sir Lyman P. Duff fonds, MG 30 E 141, “General
Correspondence” series, volume 2, file “Dafoe-Dysart”, letter
from Lyman Duff to H.H. Davis, 16 February 1942, page 1.
19
Edward F. Bush, “Sir Lyman Duff and the Hong Kong Inquiry,”
Dalhousie Review 5 no. 2 (1972): 203.
20 Williams, Duff, 223.
21 LAC, King Diary, 22 January
1942, page 3.
22 LAC, George Drew fonds, MG 32 C3,
“Provincial Political Career” series, volume 68, file “Number
615” 13 July 1942 Letter from R.B Hanson to George Drew, page 1,
microfilm reel M-8987.
23 LAC, King Diary, 22 January 1942,
page 3.
24 LAC, King Diary, 22 February 1942, page 2.
25 LAC, Department of National Defence fonds, R112, volume
37293, file “111.13 (D66) Misc Memorandum of Mr Ralston and Gen
Foulkes re Hong Kong Enquiry 1941/48”, Notes on meeting of
soldier members.
26 LAC, Drew fonds, MG 32 C3, Provincial
Political Career” series, volume 68, file “Number 615”, letter
George Drew to R.B. Hanson, 26 January 1942. microfilm reel
M-8987.
27 Ibid., letter from George Drew to R.B. Hanson, 5
March 1942.
28 Ibid., letter from George Drew to R.B. Hanson,
1 June 1942.
29 The National Archives, DO 35/1009/5, Telegram from High
Commission in Canada to Dominion Office, 6 June 1942, 2.
30
Ibid., 9.
31 Lyman P. Duff, Report on the Canadian Expeditionary Force
to the Crown Colony of Hong Kong (Ottawa: King’s Printer, 1942),
11.
32 Ibid., 12, 22.
33 LAC, Drew fonds, MG 32 C3,
“Provincial Political Career” series, volume 68, file “Number
615”, letter from George Drew to R.B. Hanson, 1 June 1942, page
1, microfilm reel M-8987.
34 Duff, Report on Hong Kong, 4.
35 LAC, H.D.G. Crerar
fonds, MG30 E157, volume 1, file “958C.009 (D55) GOC File 5–0–25
‘C’ Force Canadian Army Feb 42-Jun 42 – Hong Kong Enquiry.
Papers and Questionnaires Pertaining to Hong Kong Expedition”,
telegram From H.D.G. Crerar to J.L. Ralston, 12 February 1942,
page 1.
36 LAC, Crerar fonds, MG30 E157, volume 1, file “‘C’
Force Canadian Army Feb 42-Jun 42 -- Hong Kong Inquiry. Papers
and Questionnaires pertaining to Hong Kong Expedition, Questions
Suggested by Mr. Kellock K.C. and the Answers thereto by
Lieutenant-General H.D.G. Crerar D.S.O.”, Answer to Question 5,
3, 1.
37 Duff, Report on Hong Kong, 5.
38 Ibid., 21.
39 Duff, Report on Hong Kong, 7.
40 Ibid., 43.
41
Ibid., 8, 4, 5.
42 Ibid., 8, 58.
43 LAC, Hong Kong Inquiry
fonds, RG 33 120, volume 2, file “Exhibits #101–125 #125–179”,
exhibit 132 telegram from Fervour to Defensor, 13 December 1941.
44 Ibid., exhibit 133 telegram from Fervour Hong Kong to
National Defence Headquarters, Ottawa, 14 December 1941, page 2.
45 Ibid., exhibit 129 telegram from Admiralty to N.D.H.Q., 22
December 1941, page 2.
46 Ibid., exhibit 140 telegram from
Troopers, War Office, London England to National Defence
Headquarters, Ottawa, 24 December 1941, page 2.
47 Duff,
Report on Hong Kong, 16.
48 Bush, “Sir Lyman Duff and the
Hong Kong Inquiry,” 204–205.
49 Duff, Report on Hong Kong, 17,18.
50 LAC, Drew fonds,
MG 32 C3, “Provincial Political Career” series, volume 68, file
“Number 615”, letter from
R.B. Hanson to George, 7 March
1942, page 1, microfilm reel M-8987.
51 Williams, Duff, 66,
160–161.
52 Williams, Duff, 225, 245.
53 W. Kenneth Campbell, “The
Right Honourable Sir Lyman Poore Duff, P.C., G.C.M.G.: The Man
as I Knew Him,” Osgoode Hall Law Journal 12, no. 2 (1974): 255.
54 LAC, Hong Kong Inquiry fonds, RG 33 120, volume 1, file
“Proceedings of Royal Commission Appointed under Part I of the
Inquiries Act, Chapter 99, of the Revised Statutes of Canada,
1927, to Inquire into and report upon the Organization,
Authorization and Dispatch of the Canadian Expeditionary Force
to the Crown Colony of Hong Kong”, pages 236–241.
55 LAC,
King Diary, 12 June 1942, page 8.
56 LAC, King Diary, 8 April 1942, page 1. The final exchange
of oral arguments was on 22 May. LAC, Drew fonds, MG 32 C3,
“Provincial Political Career” series, volume 427, file “no. 28,
Hong Kong Inquiry 1942”, letter from George Drew to W.L.M. King,
11 July 1942, page 29, microfilm reel M-9045.
57 Bush, “Sir
Lyman Duff and the Hong Kong Inquiry,” 208, 209.
58 Ibid.,
211.
59 Williams, Duff, 239.
60 Williams, Duff, 278.
61 R. Blake Brown, “The Supreme
Court of Canada and Judicial Legitimacy: The Rise and Fall of
Chief Justice Lyman Poore Duff” McGill Law Journal (2002): 591.
62 Ibid., 274
63 TNA, DO 35/1009/5, Telegram from High
Commission in Canada to Dominion Office, 6 June 1942, 2.
64
LAC, Drew fonds, MG 32 C3, “Provincial Political Career” series,
volume 427, file “Number 26 Drew, G.A., Prosecution re Hong Kong
1942”, page 1–2, microfilm reel M-9045.
65 LAC, William Lyon Mackenzie King fonds, MG 26 J4,
“Memoranda and Notes, 1940–1950” series, volume 268, file
“2684”, page C184427, microfilm reel H-1490.
66 LAC, King
Diary, 2 July 1942, page 1.
67 LAC, King fonds, MG 26 J4,
“Memoranda and Notes, 1940–1950” series, volume 268, file
“2684”, page C184426-C184430, microfilm reel H-1490.
68 LAC,
King Diary, 10 July 1942, page 1.
69 Ibid., 13 July 1942, 1–2.
70 J.L. Granatstein, The
Politics of Survival: The Conservative Party of Canada,
1939–1945 (Toronto: University of Press, 1970), 122.
71 LAC,
Drew fonds, MG 32 C3, “Provincial Political Career” series,
volume 68, file “Number 615”, 11 July 1942 Letter from George
Drew to R.B. Hanson, page 1, microfilm reel M-8987.
73 LAC, Drew fonds, MG 32 C3, “Provincial Political Career”
series, volume 427, file “Number 28”, letter from George Drew to
W.L.M. King, 11 July 1942, page 1, microfilm reel M-9045.
74
Ibid., page 4.
75 Ibid., pages 3–4.
77 LAC, Department of External Affairs fonds, RG 25 volume
5769, file “Canadian Garrison Force-Hong Kong”, telegram from
the Dominions Office to the Governments of Canada, The
Commonwealth of Australia, New Zealand, and to the United
Kingdom High Commissioner in the Union of South Africa, 24
October 1941 page 1–2. 78 C.P. Stacey, A Date with History:
Memoirs of a Canadian Historian (Ottawa: Deneau Publishers,
1983), 201.
79 LAC, Drew fonds, MG 32 C3, “Provincial
Political Career” series, volume 427, file “Number 28”, letter
from George Drew to W.L.M. King, 11 July 1942, page 11,
microfilm reel M-9045.
81 LAC, Drew fonds, MG 32 C3, “Provincial Political Career”
series, volume 427, file “Number 28”, Letter from George Drew to
W.L.M. King, page 2, 16 July 1942, microfilm reel M-9045.
82
Ibid., page 3.
83 Ibid., page 4.
84 TNA, CAB 21 2686,
Letter from Eric Machtig to Norman Brook, 7 February 1948, 4.
86 “A Wise Decision,” The Globe and Mail, 14 February 1942,
6.
87 “Royal Commissions,” The Manitoban, 20 February 1942,
2.
88 “A Matter of the Utmost Public Concern,” The Georgetown
Herald, 22 July 1942, 2.
89 “Politique fédérale,” La Gazette du Nord, 17 July 1942, 1.
90 “M. Hanson réagit,” Le Devoir, 10 June, 1942, 10
91 “Col.
George Drew is Aghast,” The Montreal Gazette, 6 June 1942, 8.
92 “Hong Kong Affair Not Yet Closed,” The Montreal Gazette, 6
June 1942, 8.
93 “This Goes Beyond Hong Kong,” The Winnipeg Tribune, 20
July 1942, 6.
94 “Canada-Wide Press Round-Up on Drew Letter,”
The Winnipeg Tribune, 20 July 1942, 6.
95 Ibid.
96 LAC, King fonds MG 26 J4, “Memoranda and Notes, 1940–1950”
series, volume 395, file “49”, Hong Kong Secrecy, 18 July 1942,
page C277959, microfilm reel H-1555.
97 “Should Assert
Freedom,” The Winnipeg Tribune, 20 July 1942, 6.
98 LAC, King fonds MG 26 J4, “Memoranda and Notes, 1940–1950” series, volume 395, file “49”, More on the Drew Letter, 25 July 1942, page C277960, microfilm reel H-1555.