1 “Memorial Wall – Speeches at the Unveiling,” Hong Kong
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2 Craig S. Smith, “A Doomed Battle for Hong Kong, With Only
Medals Left 75 Years Later,” The New York Times, 23 December
2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/23/world/canada/a-doomed-battle-for-hong-kong-with-only-
medals-left-75-years-later.html.
3 George Drew, “An Open Letter To Prime Minister King,” The Globe and Mail, 25 December 1941, 1.
4 Galen Roger Perras, “Anglo-Canadian Imperial Relations: The
Case of the Garrisoning of the Falkland Islands in 1942,” War &
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5 Ibid., 73–74, 90.
6
Ibid., 85.
7 C.P. Stacey, Arms, Men and Governments: The War
Policies of Canada 1939–1945 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1970),
157.
8 The National Archive (hereafter TNA), DO 35/1009/5, Defence
of Hong Kong: Proceedings of Royal Commission on Hong Kong, 4.
9 Library and Archives Canada (hereafter LAC),William Lyon
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series, volume 371, file “3910”, Falkland Islands, 16 January
1942, page C257306, microfilm reel H-1541.
10 C.P. Stacey,
Six Years of War: The Army in Canada, Britain and the Pacific
(Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1955), 493.
11 Galen Perras, “Stepping Stones on a Road to Nowhere? The
United States, Canada, and the Aleutian Island Campaign,
1942–1943,” (PhD diss., University of Waterloo, 1995), 264.
12 Ibid., 276.
13 Stacey, Arms, Men and Governments, 193.
14 Directorate
of History and Heritage (hereafter DHH), file 593 (D33),
Winnipeg Grenadiers War Diary, 1.
15 DHH, file 593 (D26), Interview with Lt-Col J.H. Price, 2IC
R.R.C., 22 March 1946, 1.
16 Imperial War Museum, Private
Papers of Major General C.M. Maltby, Catalogue number 22835,
Commonplace Book, “Canada.”
17 C.P. Stacey, A Date with History: Memoirs of a Canadian
Historian (Ottawa: Deneau Publishers, 1983), 240.
18 LAC,
Department of National Defence fonds, RG 24, volume 31917, file
“1453–10 part 2 Historical Publications & Material- War
1939–1945- Hong Kong”, letter from C.P. Stacey to CGS, 19
February 1951, page 1.
19 Tim Cook, Clio’s Warriors: Canadian
Historians and the Writing of the World Wars (Vancouver: UBC
Press, 2006), 156.
20 LAC, DND fonds, letter from Stacey to
CGS, page 1.
21 David Ricardo Williams, Duff: A Life in the
Law (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1984), 258.
22 LAC, DND fonds, letter from Stacey to CGS, page 1.
23
Stacey, A Date with History, 238–239.
24 Alexander
Fitzgerald-Black (2015) “Investigating the Memory of Operation
Spring The Inquiry into the Black Watch and the Battle of St.
André-sur-Orne, 1944–46,” Canadian Military History 21 no. 2,
(2015): 23.
25 Stacey, A Date with History, 240.
26 J.L. Granatstein, The Generals: The Canadian Army’s Senior
Commanders in the Second World War (Toronto: Stoddart Publishing
1993), 173–174, 179.
27 LAC, Department of National Defence
fonds, RG24, volume 12752, file “The Hong Kong Operation”,
telegram Murchie from Foulkes, 021500R October 1946.
28 TNA,
DO 35/1768, Letter from C.W. Dixon to Undersecretary of State
War Office, 22 March 1946.
29 TNA, DO 35/1768, Note by Ralph
B. Pugh, 18 March 1946.
30 Stacey, A Date with History, 240.
LAC, DND fonds, RG 24, volume 12752, file “The Hong Kong
Operation”, letter from Lieutenant-General J.C. Murchie to Under
Secretary of State, 4 October 1946.
31 LAC, DND fonds, RG24, volume 37293, file “111.13 (D66)
Misc memorandum of Mr Ralston and Gen Foulkes re Hong Kong
enquiry 1941/48”, Memorandum General Charles Foulkes to Brooke
Claxton, 9 February 1948.
32 The Conservative Party changed
its name to the Progressive Conservative Party in December 1942.
J.L. Granatstein, The Politics of Survival: The Conservative
Party of Canada, 1939–1945 (Toronto: University of Toronto
Press, 1970), 149. TNA, PREM 8/941, Letter from F.E.
Cumming-Bruce to J.L. Pumphrey, 23 February 1948. TNA, PREM
8/941, Telegram from George Drew to Anthony Eden, 21 February
1948.
33 TNA, PREM 8/941, Telegram from Anthony Eden to
George Drew, 24 February 1948.
34 TNA, PREM 8/941, Telegram
from Secretary of State for External Affairs to High
Commissioner for Canada, 30 March 1948.
35 TNA, PREM 8/941, Letter from Eric Machtig to L.N. Helsby,
1 April 1948.
36 TNA, PREM 8/941, Telegram from Commonwealth
Relations Office to Canadian Government, 19 April 1948. 37 TNA,
PREM 8/941, Telegram from U.K. High Commissioner in Canada to
Commonwealth Relations Office, 30 April 1948.
38 TNA, PREM
8/941 Telegram from U.K. High Commissioner in Canada to
Commonwealth Relations Office, 1 May 1948.
39 TNA, PREM 8/941
Telegram from J.L. Pumphrey to F.E. Cumming-Bruce, 7 May 1948.
40 TNA, PREM 8/941, Draft Message from Mr. King to Mr.
Attlee, 1–2.
41 Sergeant John Payne, Corporal George
Berzinski, Private J.H. Adam, and Private P.J. Ellis escaped
from Sham Shi Po but were recaptured and executed; Jonathan
Vance, Objects of Concern: Canadian Prisoners of War through the
Twentieth Century (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994), 206.
42
Charles G. Roland, Long Night’s Journey into Day: Prisoners of
War in Hong Kong and Japan, 1941–1945
(Waterloo, Ontario:
Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2001), 322.
43 “Freed Prisoners To Wear Medals,” The Globe and Mail, 10
September 1945, 1.
44 Canada, Parliament, House of Commons
Debates, 20th Parl, 1st Sess, Vol 1, (11 September 1945), 72–73.
45 Kenneth Taylor, “The Challenge of the Eighties: World War Two
from a New Perspective, the Hong Kong Case,” in Men at War:
Politics, Technology and Innovation in the Twentieth Century,
eds. Timothy Travers and Christon I. Archer (New Brunswick, New
Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 2011), 209.
46 “Hong Kong Men
Get a Pacific Star,” The Globe and Mail, 30 October 1945, 21.
47 Canada, Parliament, House of Commons Debates, 20th Parl,
1st Sess, Vol 1, (10 September 1945), 42. Ibid., (18
September) 260, 270.
48 Stacey, Six Years of War, 516–517.
49 Canada, Parliament, House of Commons Debates, 20th Parl, 1st
Sess, Vol 2, (30 October 1945), 1661.
50 Canada, Parliament, House of Commons Debates, 20th Parl,
5th Sess, Vol 2, (17 March 1949), 1552.
51 Canada,
Parliament, House of Commons Debates, 20th Parl, 5th Sess, Vol
2, (18 March 1949), 1606.
52 LAC, DND fonds, RG 24, volume
20348, file “951.056 (D3) Japanese Campaign Pay for Hong Kong
Veterans”, Privy Council Meeting, 17 March 1949.
53 Kenneth
Cambon, Guest of Hirohito (Vancouver: PW Press, 1990), 101.
54 Serge Durflinger, Veterans with a Vision Canada’s War
Blinded in Peace and War (Vancouver: UBC Press, 2010), 180, 196.
55 Roland, Long Night’s Journey into Day, xiii.
56 CWM,
19790285–001, The Roll Call Vol: 2:4 Winter 1978 Hong Kong
Veterans’ Association of Canada British Columbia Branch
Magazine, 3, 16.
57 Andy Flanagan, The Endless Battle: The
Fall of Hong Kong and Canadian POWs in Imperial Japan,
(Fredericton, New Brunswick: Goose Lane Editions, 2017), 149,
161–162.
58 William Allister, Where Life and Death Hold Hands
(Toronto: Stoddart, 1989), 239.
59 Cambon, Guest of Hirohito, 109.
60 Allister, Where Life
and Death Hold Hands, 236.
61 Roland, Long Night’s Journey
into Day, 324.
62 LAC, Gustave Gingras fonds, MG31-J12,
volume 13, file “Dr. H.J. Richardson ‘Report of a Study of
Disabilities and Problems of Hong Kong Veterans, 1964–1965’
N.D., 1976”, page 23.
63 CWM, 19790285–001, Newsletter 1 July
1979, 2.
64 Mark Humphries and Lyndsay Rosenthal, “Rehabilitation and
Hong Kong Prisoners of War,” Canadian Military History 24, no. 2
(2015): 266.
65 Ibid., 257–258.
66 Ibid., 259–260.
67 Stephen Winter, Transitional Justice in Established
Democracies: A Political Theory (New York: Palgrave Macmillan,
2014), 131, 133.
68 Viet Thanh Nguyen, Nothing Ever Dies:
Vietnam and the Memory of War (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard
University Press, 2016), 11.
69 Winter, Transitional Justice in Established Democracies: A
Political Theory, 133.
70 Dave McIntosh, Hell on Earth: Aging
Faster Dying Sooner Canadian Prisoners of the Japanese During
World War II, Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1997), 258.
71
Gregory A. Johnson, “The Canadian experience of the Pacific War:
Betrayal and Forgotten Captivity,”
in Forgotten Captives in
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(London: Routledge, 2008), 137.
72 LAC, Gingras fonds,
MG31-J12, volume 13, file “Dr. H.J. Richardson Report of a Study
of Disabilities and Problems of Hong Kong Veterans”, page 3.
73 Ibid., page 54, 57.
74 Ibid., 69–70.
75 McIntosh,
Hell on Earth, 264. LAC, Gingras fonds, MG31-J12, volume 13,
file “Cambon, Kenneth, Correspondence & Manuscript N.D.,
1986–1987”, letter from Gustave Gingras to Kenneth Cambon, 3
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Gingras and C. Chapman ‘The Sequelae of Inhuman Conditions and
Slave Labour Experienced by Members of Canadian Components of
the Hong Kong Force, 1941– 1945’ Vol. 1 1987”, page vii.
76 Ibid., page 6.
77 LAC, Gingras fonds, MG31-J12, volume
12, file “The Sequelae of Inhuman Conditions”, Appendix E, Cyr
7, Grey 9.
78 Ibid., Harding 8.
79 Ibid., Overton 9.
80
Ibid., Simcoe 8.
81 Ibid., Matchett 7.
82 Ibid., Overton 8.
83 Ibid., Gurski 7.
84 McIntosh,
Hell on Earth, 264, 266.
85 Winter, Transitional Justice in
Established Democracies: A Political Theory, 136.
86
“‘Canadians captured in Hong Kong receive compensation,’
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87 “Creation and
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88 Cambon, Guest of Hirohito, 117.
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91 CWM, 19790285–001, The Roll Call Vol: 2:2 Summer 1978, 1.
92 CWM, 19790285–001, The Roll Call Vol: 2:1 Spring 1978, 6.
93 Roy Miki, Redress: Inside the Japanese Canadian Call for
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97 Ian Adams, “For King and Canada,” Maclean’s, 1 July 1968,
31.
98 Ibid., 42, 31, 43.
99 Ibid., 43, 30.
100 Ibid., 49.
101 Vance, Objects of Concern, 237.
102
David Ricado Williams, “The Hong Kong Coverup of Bungling and
Deceit,” The Globe and Mail, 29 December 1981, 7.
103 Ibid.
104 Rae Corelli “The 17 Day War,” Maclean’s, 18
November 1991, 46, 47.
105 “Memorial Wall – Speeches at the Unveiling.”
106
“Fundraising Brochure,” HKVCA, accessed 8 October 2019, https://www.hkvca.ca/Memorial%20Wall/archives/Brochure%20Memorial%20Wall%20phase2%20revised.pdf.
107 “Canadians in Hong Kong,” Government of Canada, accessed 8
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108 “Fundraising
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109 Nguyen, Nothing Ever Dies, 63.
110 Winter, Transitional Justice in Established Democracies: A Political Theory, 138–139.